Speech Review Sheet

Answer the following questions in the space provided.

1. What is the place and manner of articulation for the sounds [t] and [d]?

 

2. What is a fricative? Give an example.

 

3. Define the term speaker normalization.

 

4. What is the invariance problem in speech perception? Describe at least two factors that contribute to the absence of invariance.

 

 

Answer the following multiple-choice questions.

1. Linguists describe speech sounds according to such things as whether or not they are voiced, their place of articulation and whether or not they require continuous air flow. These are called
(a) distinguishing features
(b) distinctive features
(c) discriminant features
(d) differentiating features

2. Words that differ in only one feature are called:
(a) cohorts
(b) minimal pairs
(c) cognates (these are sounds that differ in only one feature)
(d) contrasting pairs

3. Which of the following does not contribute to the absence of invariance in the speech signal?
(a) coarticulation
(b) allophonic variation
(c) physical differences between male, female and child speakers
(e) speech synthesis

4. Many phonemes that are perceived as the same are actually slightly different allophones. The production of these slightly different sounds is often the result of
(a) coarticulation
(b) categorical production
(c) parallel processing
(d) misinterpretation of acoustic cues

Fill in the blanks.

1. The examination of the acoustic properties of speech sounds is called ____________.

2. When sounds are produced carefully in isolation, this is called their _________________.

3. Men typically have FOs of around ____________ pulses per second, women of around ____________ and children of around _____________.

Decide whether the following statements are True/False.
In the case where you decide that the statement is false, then change the statement to make it correct.

1. The bilabial stop in apple, the alveolar stop in rider, and the palatal affricative in election are all voiced.

2. One of the most common ways of describing the acoustical energy of speech sounds is called a sound spectrogram.

3. The lungs, palate, nasal cavity, tongue, teeth and lips are all part of the vocal tract.