10: The goal of attributional retraining is to encourage students to
  persist in school by changing their attributions regarding the cause of
  academic failure from ______________ causes to __________________
  causes.

   B: internal stable; internal unstable

    Correct.

An example of an internal stable attribution regarding the cause of academic failure would be lack of ability or lack of discipline.  An internal unstable attribution of academic failure is attributing your poor performance to factors such as: lack of effort, or lack of interest in the subject.  In attributional retraining, students ARE encouraged to cease attributing failure to lack of ability (internal stable) and instead attribute failure to lack of effort (internal unstable).  This way, as student feels that if they can change their poor habits (internal unstable), they can improve their grades.