2: Why is it easier to think of words that start with the letter K than
  words that have the letter K as the third letter?

A: availability heuristic

    Correct.
The availability heuristic judges things in terms of how easily they may be brought to mind.  Words that start with the letter "k" are much more frequent than words that have "k" as the third letter in the english language.  Therefore, words that start with the letter "k" are more available.  This example was pulled from the text.