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ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 33 and 35 WERE PREVIOUSLY INCORRECT. THEY HAVE BEEN FIXED. EXPLINATIONS HAVE BEEN ADDED FOR QUESTIONS 30 and 31, THANKS TO Barbara Keppler
1: Calvin: Mom,
can I set fire to my bed mattress?
Mom: No.
Calvin: Can I ride my tricycle on the roof?
Mom: No, Calvin.
Calvin: Then can I have a cookie?
Mom: (sigh) Okay.
What social psychological phenomenon does this dialogue illustrate?
A: disobedience
to authority
B: foot-in-the-door
effect
C: door-in-the-face
effect
D: the low ball
2: Normative influence refers to influence that
A: involves wanting
to be accepted by others
B: innoculates us against persuasion attempts
C: involves rewards
and punishments
D: involves the
learning of new information and persuasive arguments
3:
Your favorite baseball player has endorsed a particular brand of
baseball bat in a commercial. What kinds of power are operating here?
A: referent power
and coercion
B: legitimate power
and reward power
C: expert power and
referent power
D: expert power
and legitimate power
4:
Ann asks Ed to write her term paper. He says, "Be serious, Ann."
So
Ann says, "Then just help me write the first page." He says, "Oh,
no
problem." This dialog illustrates
A: the foot-in-the-door
technique
B: the low-ball
technique
C: the door-in-the-face
technique
D: the effects of
commitment on conformity
5:
According to lecture, the major advantage of reward power over coercion
power, from the influencer's point of view, is
A: that reward power requires more surveillance
(watching the person under your power)
B: that reward power requires less surveillance
(watching the person under your power)
C: that reward power
is likely to undermine intrinsic interest
D: that reward power
is more effective than expert power
6: According to lecture, conformity differs from compliance because
A: conformity involves
yielding to group pressure in the absence of a direct request to do so
B: conformity is
often more public than compliance
C: conformity involves
yielding to a request from a high-status person (as in the Milgram studies)
D: women conform
more than men, whereas men comply more than women
7:
In Asch's studies of conformity, approximately what percent of the time
did subjects agree with the group instead of making the objectively correct
response?
8:
If a person makes a prior commitment to a view that differs from that
of the group, he or she will tend to be
A: less susceptible
to group pressure to conform
B: more susceptible
to group pressure to conform
C: less confident
of his or her own view
D: more susceptible
to conforming to the group on a different issue
9: Conformity is increased under which of the following conditions?
A: group is unanimous
B: group is cohesive
C: response is public
and made with prior commitment
D: A and B
10:
In the Milgram experiment, subjects were asked to start with relatively
small electric shocks before using large amounts of electric shock to
punish the learner. This pattern of inducing obedience is an
illustration of which of the following methods of social influence?
A: door in the face
B: reciprocal concessions
C: the low ball
D: foot in the door
11:
After his original experiments on obedience, Milgram conducted several
additional studies. Which of the following factors were found to
decrease subjects' obedience to the experimenter's commands?
A: putting more
distance between the subject and the victim
B: decreasing the
legitimacy of the authority figure
C: putting more
distance between the authority figure and the subject
D: B and C
12:
Jane is driving on the Beltway at 55 miles per hour, because she has
been convinced that obeying the speed limit is safer and gives her
better gas mileage. Her brother Donald is driving 55 miles per hour,
because he is afraid of getting a speeding ticket. Jane is most likely
exhibiting ________________, while Donald is most likely exhibiting
________________.
A: internalization;
compliance
B: conformity; identification
C: obedience; internalization
D: internalization;
identification
13: The critical component of social influence that occurs through identification is
A: how much the influencer
is liked or disliked
B: the ability of
the influencer to deliver rewards and punishments
C: the expertise
of the influencer
D: all of the above
14:
According to Myers, when weak evidence is present, jurors generally
give more lenient verdicts. How could information influence explain
this?
A: As jurors who favor
conviction hear arguments for acquittal, they
may realize that there isn't proof beyond a reasonable
doubt.
B: Jurors who favor
conviction don't want to feel out of place when the
majority favors acquittal.
C: Unsure jurors
want to appear compassionate.
D: The jurors believe
that a guilty verdict will influence the defense
to appeal the verdict.
15:
Bob attends a party with a lot of people whom he admires and wishes to
be like. At the party, many people are smoking. At one point
in the
evening, Bob is offered a cigarette by a classmate whom he always
thought was really cool. Bob does not smoke, but he accepts the
cigarette anyway, because he wants to be liked by the people at the party.
Bob chose to smoke due to __________________, and his classmate was
exerting _______________ power over Bob.
A: normative influence;
referent
B: compliance to
the group; coercion
C: informational
influence; reward
D: a direct request;
coercion
16: Research on groups has generally shown that
A: groups are usually harmful
B: groups are usually helpful
C: groups tend to emphasize the initial inclinations of their individual members
D: both A and C
17: Members of the local school board meet to consider
a proposal calling for a more conservative approach to education in their
district. The individual members of the board all tend to favor this approach.
What will be the most likely outcome of the group meeting?
A: they will choose a risky plan only if other school districts have adopted one
B: they will become more in favor of the conservative proposal and will probably vote for it
C: they will show a "risky shift" during the discussion and vote for a less conservative proposal
D: they will fully consider alternative plans for their district
18: In a study by Myers and Bishop, a group of prejudiced
students expressed even greater prejudice after discussing racial issues
with like-minded others. Students in these group may have experienced informational
influence during the group discussion. What is the definition of informational
influence?
A: the learning of new arguments from other people19: Some research on the effects of being in a group has found that people work harder in groups, while other studies show that people work less in groups. In general, people work harder on easy tasks when __________ is increased, but work less when __________ occurs.
B: the anonymity produced by being in a group and the corresponding increase in the freedom to express hostile opinions
C: the emergence of a group norm favoring the expression of hostile opinions
D: the effects of increased arousal on hostile attitudes
A: evaluation apprehension; mere presence
B: distraction; arousal
C: evaluation apprehension; deindividuation
D: diffusion of responsibility; arousal
20: Research investigating the effects of group polarization
on juries has found that
A: juries that initially favor harsh punishment favor stronger punishment after group discussion
B: juries that initially favor mild punishment favor stronger punishment after group discussion
C: juries that initially favor harsh punishment favor more mild punishment after group discussion
D: juries composed of liberal people favor mild punishment no matter what the evidence is in the case
21: Lydia just got her driver's license. Three of
her friends ask her to take them on the Beltway during rush hour traffic.
How will she perform?
A: the same as if she were alone
B: better than if she were alone
C: worse than if she were alone
D: same as if alone, unless they are on their way to a piano recital
22: Researchers have studied the link between deindividuation
and aggression. In which of the following studies did deindividuation lead
to decreased aggresssion?
A: the study in which people wore KKK-like hoods
B: studies of sports teams that wear black uniforms
C: the study in which people wore nurses uniforms
D: none of the above
23: We are aroused by the presence of other people
for which of the following reasons?
A: distraction
B: the mere presence of others
C: concern for how others are evaluating us
D: all of the above
24: Group polarization is defined as the tendency
for discussion among group members
A: to lead to a risky decision
B: to lead to a cautious decision
C: to split groups into two opposing groups
D: to change group members' beliefs in the direction of their initial beliefs
25: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink?
A: self-censorship
B: rationalization
C: consideration of alternate points of view
D: conformity pressure
26: Which of the following factors has NOT been shown
to influence eyewitness testimony?
A: the wording of questions from lawyers and police
B: the attitudes and expectations of the eyewitness
C: information provided after the event itself
D: the physical attractiveness of the defendant
27: According to the Myers text, research on the physical
attractiveness of criminal defendents shows
A: that attractiveness matters:
People recommend stronger punishments for attractive people
B: that attractiveness does
not matter: People recommend punishment on the basis of the evidence in
each individual legal case
C: the attractiveness matters:
People recommend reduced punishments for attractive people
D: that the effect of attractiveness
on punishment in criminal cases depends on the sex of the judge
28: You are rowing a boat with 6 friends. You may not be using your maximum effort to row the boat because of
A: social loafing
B: individuation
C: social facilitation
D: group polarization
29: On Halloween, Sarah and her friends dressed up
like Ninja warriors with black face masks and costumes. Lou and his friends
dressed up like doctors with blue doctor's masks and uniforms. It is well
past dark when both groups leave to go trick-or-treating, and it is hard
to tell one child from another, because they are all wearing masks. According
to Zimbardo's studies of deindividuation, when approaching a group of young
children who are lost, Sarah's group would be more likely to _________________,
whereas Lou's group would be more likely to _________________.
A: ignore the children and keep on walking; help the lost children find their way home30: Han-Li and 5 of his co-workers at IBM Korea have been
B: scare the children and steal their candy; help the lost children find their way home
C: scare the children and steal their candy; ignore the children and keep on walking
D: help the lost children find their way home; scare the children and steal their candy
a.) Han-LiCredit: Barbara Keppler
b.) John
c.) both are equally likely to exhibit social loafing
d.) neither one will exhibit social loafing
31: What percentage of people in the Milgram Study on
Obedience delivered the
highest amount of electrical shock to the learner?
a.) 30%Credit: Barbara Keppler
b.) 45%
c.) 90%
d.) 65%
32: According to Zajonc's theory of social facilitation,
the dominant
response is
A: the response of a powerful group member33: John and four of his friends are planning to go out and see a movie.
B: the best learned and practiced response
C: leads to improve performance with an audience present
D: leads to reduced performance with an audience present
A: Give up because he is outnumbered34: Joan is the president of a jeans company that has been losing its share
B: Stick to his position that "Life is Beautiful" is a better movie
C: Try to get at least one friend to agree with him
D: B and C
A: Present her own ideas idea to the group and defend them
B: Assign at least one expert to be a devil's advocate
C: Increase the motivation of the group by reminding them that their jobs are in danger
D: Ignore the experts and follow her own instincts
35: In lecture, a scene from the movie "To Kill
a Mockingbird" was shown.
Scout, the young girl, is successful in getting the mob
to break up by
using what tactic?
A: Groupthink36: Sarah has been appointed as supervisor of a project group at her
B: Social Facilitation
C: Individuation
D: Door in the face
A: Hold each member of the group accountable for a specific part of the project
B: Punish group members at random to show that she's in charge
C: Have group members contribute their idea anonymously
D: Do nothing, as Social Facilitation will ensure that all of the group members will work hard.
37: Bill and a group of his friends are going
to see their favorite band
"The Laughing Babies" in concert. Like the other
fans of this band, Bill
and his friends are dressed in over-sized toddler clothes
and sucking on
pacifiers. The concert is very crowded and it is
hard to see anyone in the
dim light. According to deindividuation theory,
what is most likely to
happen:
A: Bill will act very silly and childish.
B: Bill will become very violent and start a fight
C: Bill will be reminded of his own values
D: Bill will experience a high level of arousal and anxiety